The rivers named in the Rigveda can be classified into five
geographical categories:
1. The Northwestern Rivers (western tributaries of the Indus,
flowing through Afghanistan and the north):
Trstama
Susartu
Anitabha
Rasa
SvetI
Kubha (Kabul, The Kubha is the modern Kabul river which flows into the Indus a little above Attock and receives at Prang the joint flow of its tributaries the Swat (Suvastu) and Gauri)
Krumu (Kurrum)
GomatI (Gomal)
Sarayu (Siritoi)
Mehatnu
SvetyavarI
Prayiyu (Bara)
Vayiyu
Suvastu (Swat)
GaurI (Panjkora)
Kusava (Kunar)
Kabul and Swat rivers are in Afghanistan.
2. The Indus and its minor eastern tributaries:
Sindhu (Indus)
SuSoma (Sohan)
ArjIkIya (Haro)
3. The Central Rivers (rivers of the Punjab)
Vitasta (Jhelum)
AsiknI (Chenab)
Parusni (Ravi)
Vipasa (Beas)
SuturI (Satlaj)
Marudvrdha (Maruvardhvan)
4. The East-central Rivers (rivers of Haryana)
-SarasvatI (The relative insignificance of the Indus in the
Rigveda is demonstrated by the fact that the Indus is not mentioned even once in the three oldest Mandalas of the
Rigveda. In sharp
contrast, the SarasvatI is referred to many times in the three oldest Mandalas.
The SarasvatI is so important in the whole of the Rigveda that it is worshipped
as one of the Three Great Goddesses in the AprI-suktas of all the ten families
of composers. The Indus finds no place in these AprI-suktas. The contrast
between the overwhelming importance of the SarasvatI and the relative
unimportance of the Indus makes theory of an Aryan invasion from the northwest incongruent.)
-DrsadvatI/HariyupIyA/YavyavatI
-Apaya
5. The Eastern Rivers (The Ganga and Yamuna are the easternmost
rivers named in the Rigveda)
AsmanvatI (Assan, a tributary of the Yamuna)
Yamuna/AmsumatI
Ganga/Jahnavi
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